160 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
160 lines
4.6 KiB
Markdown
# QDetailsView
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QDetailsView 受虚幻引擎的属性面板所启发,借助Qt的反射系统,可以轻易地搭建对象的属性编辑器。
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其核心在于:
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- 编写基于类型的控件编辑器,自动根据对象的反射结构来组织编辑器布局。
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- 使用QML GPU渲染,基于预览视图的控件管理。
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## 使用
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它的使用非常简单,只需要使用 **Q_PROPERTY(...) ** 声明 `QObject` 的元属性:
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``` c++
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class QCustomObject :public QObject {
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Q_OBJECT
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Q_PROPERTY(int Int READ getInt WRITE setInt)
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Q_PROPERTY(float Float READ getFloat WRITE setFloat)
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...
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};
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```
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然后创建 `QDetailsView`,并指定Object:
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``` c++
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QCustomObject obj;
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QDetailsView view;
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view.setObject(&obj);
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view.show();
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```
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你就能得到:
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## 定制化
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### 关于 QPropertyHandle
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`QPropertyHandle` 是QDetailsView操作属性的统一入口,它通常通过如下接口构建:
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``` c++
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static QPropertyHandle* QPropertyHandle::FindOrCreate(
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QObject* inParent, // 父对象,它会持有PropertyHandle周期
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QMetaType inType, // 该属性的元类型
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QString inPropertyPath, // 该属性的路径字段
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Getter inGetter, // 该属性的获取器
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Setter inSetter // 该属性的设置器
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);
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```
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为了保证属性值的变动可以被DetailsView响应,所有对值的修改请统一使用PropertyHandle的接口:
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``` C++
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QPropertyHandle* handle = QPropertyHandle::Find(object, "propertyName");
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if(handle){
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handle->setVar(QVariant::fromValue(newValue));
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}
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```
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`QPropertyHandle`创建时要求指定`parent`,它将会作为子对象挂载上去,因此它的生命周期将跟随父对象,如果要清理,请调用:
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``` c++
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static void QPropertyHandle::Cleanup(QObject* inParent);
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```
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### 自定义枚举
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对于枚举类型,需要使用类内定义的方式,并通过**Q_ENUM(...)**声明:
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``` c++
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class QCustomObject: public QObject {
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Q_OBJECT
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public:
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enum QCustomEnum {
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One,
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Two,
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Three
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};
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Q_ENUM(QCustomEnum);
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};
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```
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### 自定义类型编辑器
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非`QObject`的自定义类型,首先需要在定义类型时使用宏**Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(...)**进行声明。
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对于只有单个编辑器控件的特定类型,可以使用如下接口直接注册类型编辑器:
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``` c++
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QQuickDetailsViewManager::Get()->registerTypeEditor(
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metaType,
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[](QPropertyHandle* handle, QQuickItem* parent)->QQuickItem* {
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}
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);
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```
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在源代码的`QQuickDetailsViewBasicTypeEditor.cpp`目录下有许多参考示例,比如QDir:
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``` c++
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registerTypeEditor(
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QMetaType::fromType<QDir>(),
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[](QPropertyHandle* handle, QQuickItem* parent)->QQuickItem* {
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QQmlEngine* engine = qmlEngine(parent);
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QQmlContext* context = qmlContext(parent);
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QQmlComponent comp(engine);
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comp.setData(R"(
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import QtQuick;
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import QtQuick.Controls;
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import "qrc:/resources/Qml/ValueEditor"
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DirectorySelector{
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anchors.verticalCenter: parent.verticalCenter
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width: parent.width
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}
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)", QUrl());
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QVariantMap initialProperties;
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initialProperties["parent"] = QVariant::fromValue(parent);
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auto valueEditor = qobject_cast<QQuickItem*>(comp.createWithInitialProperties(initialProperties, context));
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if (!comp.errors().isEmpty()) {
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qDebug() << comp.errorString();
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}
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valueEditor->setParentItem(parent);
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valueEditor->setProperty("value", handle->getVar());
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connect(valueEditor, SIGNAL(asValueChanged(QVariant)), handle, SLOT(setVar(QVariant)));
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connect(handle, SIGNAL(asRequestRollback(QVariant)), valueEditor, SLOT(setValue(QVariant)));
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return valueEditor;
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}
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);
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```
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对于具有多行或者行为较为复杂的编辑器控件,可以通过派生`IPropertyTypeCustomization`来扩展属性编辑器,它提供两个虚函数:
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``` c++
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class IPropertyTypeCustomization :public QEnableSharedFromThis<IPropertyTypeCustomization>
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{
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public:
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// 用于装配当前属性行的编辑器
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virtual void customizeHeaderRow(QPropertyHandle* inPropertyHandle, QQuickDetailsViewRowBuilder* inBuilder);
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// 用于扩展当前属性行的子项
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virtual void customizeChildren(QPropertyHandle* inPropertyHandle, QQuickDetailsViewLayoutBuilder* inBuilder);
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};
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```
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之后使用如下接口进行注册:
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``` c++
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QQuickDetailsViewManager::Get()->registerPropertyTypeCustomization<QCustomType, PropertyTypeCustomization_CustomType>();
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```
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## TODO
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- 撤销重做
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- 容器操作
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- 扩展元信息
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