diff --git a/agent/agent.go b/agent/agent.go
index adf0a545c..4d5a2bfa4 100644
--- a/agent/agent.go
+++ b/agent/agent.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"sort"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -603,14 +602,16 @@ func (a *Agent) startProcessors(
 	dst chan<- telegraf.Metric,
 	processors models.RunningProcessors,
 ) (chan<- telegraf.Metric, []*processorUnit, error) {
-	// Sort from last to first
-	sort.SliceStable(processors, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return processors[i].Config.Order > processors[j].Config.Order
-	})
-
 	var src chan telegraf.Metric
 	units := make([]*processorUnit, 0, len(processors))
-	for _, processor := range processors {
+	// The processor chain is constructed from the output side starting from
+	// the output(s) and walking the way back to the input(s). However, the
+	// processor-list is sorted by order and/or by appearance in the config,
+	// i.e. in input-to-output direction. Therefore, reverse the processor list
+	// to reflect the order/definition order in the processing chain.
+	for i := len(processors) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		processor := processors[i]
+
 		src = make(chan telegraf.Metric, 100)
 		acc := NewAccumulator(processor, dst)
 
diff --git a/agent/agent_test.go b/agent/agent_test.go
index 828f0dd75..c7d3fea98 100644
--- a/agent/agent_test.go
+++ b/agent/agent_test.go
@@ -1,14 +1,26 @@
 package agent
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
+	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 
+	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf"
 	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/config"
+	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/models"
+	_ "github.com/influxdata/telegraf/plugins/aggregators/all"
 	_ "github.com/influxdata/telegraf/plugins/inputs/all"
 	_ "github.com/influxdata/telegraf/plugins/outputs/all"
+	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/plugins/parsers/influx"
+	_ "github.com/influxdata/telegraf/plugins/processors/all"
+	"github.com/influxdata/telegraf/testutil"
 )
 
 func TestAgent_OmitHostname(t *testing.T) {
@@ -165,3 +177,86 @@ func TestWindow(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestCases(t *testing.T) {
+	// Get all directories in testcases
+	folders, err := os.ReadDir("testcases")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Make sure tests contains data
+	require.NotEmpty(t, folders)
+
+	for _, f := range folders {
+		// Only handle folders
+		if !f.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		fname := f.Name()
+		testdataPath := filepath.Join("testcases", fname)
+		configFilename := filepath.Join(testdataPath, "telegraf.conf")
+		expectedFilename := filepath.Join(testdataPath, "expected.out")
+
+		t.Run(fname, func(t *testing.T) {
+			// Get parser to parse input and expected output
+			parser := &influx.Parser{}
+			require.NoError(t, parser.Init())
+
+			expected, err := testutil.ParseMetricsFromFile(expectedFilename, parser)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.NotEmpty(t, expected)
+
+			// Load the config and inject the mock output to be able to verify
+			// the resulting metrics
+			cfg := config.NewConfig()
+			require.NoError(t, cfg.LoadAll(configFilename))
+			require.Empty(t, cfg.Outputs, "No output(s) allowed in the config!")
+
+			// Setup the agent and run the agent in "once" mode
+			agent := NewAgent(cfg)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+			defer cancel()
+			actual, err := collect(ctx, agent, 0)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Process expected metrics and compare with resulting metrics
+			options := []cmp.Option{
+				testutil.IgnoreTags("host"),
+			}
+			if expected[0].Time().IsZero() {
+				options = append(options, testutil.IgnoreTime())
+			}
+			testutil.RequireMetricsEqual(t, expected, actual, options...)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Implement a "test-mode" like call but collect the metrics
+func collect(ctx context.Context, a *Agent, wait time.Duration) ([]telegraf.Metric, error) {
+	var received []telegraf.Metric
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+
+	src := make(chan telegraf.Metric, 100)
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for m := range src {
+			mu.Lock()
+			received = append(received, m)
+			mu.Unlock()
+			m.Reject()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err := a.runTest(ctx, wait, src); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if models.GlobalGatherErrors.Get() != 0 {
+		return received, fmt.Errorf("input plugins recorded %d errors", models.GlobalGatherErrors.Get())
+	}
+	return received, nil
+}
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/expected.out b/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/expected.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f41ac361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/expected.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+new_metric_from_starlark,foo=bar baz=42i,timestamp="2023-07-13T12:53:54.197709713Z" 1689252834197709713
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i,timestamp="2023-07-13T13:10:34Z" 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/input.influx b/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/input.influx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf853c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/input.influx
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/telegraf.conf b/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/telegraf.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e4858450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-appearance/telegraf.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Test for using the appearance order in the file for processor order
+[[inputs.file]]
+  files = ["testcases/processor-order-appearance/input.influx"]
+  data_format = "influx"
+
+[[processors.starlark]]
+  source = '''
+def apply(metric):
+  metrics = []
+
+  m = Metric("new_metric_from_starlark")
+  m.tags["foo"] = "bar"
+  m.fields["baz"] = 42
+  m.time = 1689252834197709713
+  metrics.append(m)
+  metrics.append(metric)
+
+  return metrics
+'''
+
+[[processors.date]]
+  field_key = "timestamp"
+  date_format = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z"
+  timezone = "UTC"
+
+
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/expected.out b/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/expected.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f41ac361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/expected.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+new_metric_from_starlark,foo=bar baz=42i,timestamp="2023-07-13T12:53:54.197709713Z" 1689252834197709713
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i,timestamp="2023-07-13T13:10:34Z" 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/input.influx b/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/input.influx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf853c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/input.influx
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/telegraf.conf b/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/telegraf.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3729221f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-explicit/telegraf.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# Test for specifying an explicit processor order
+[[inputs.file]]
+  files = ["testcases/processor-order-explicit/input.influx"]
+  data_format = "influx"
+
+
+[[processors.date]]
+  field_key = "timestamp"
+  date_format = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z"
+  timezone = "UTC"
+  order = 2
+
+[[processors.starlark]]
+  source = '''
+def apply(metric):
+  metrics = []
+
+  m = Metric("new_metric_from_starlark")
+  m.tags["foo"] = "bar"
+  m.fields["baz"] = 42
+  m.time = 1689252834197709713
+  metrics.append(m)
+  metrics.append(metric)
+
+  return metrics
+'''
+  order = 1
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/expected.out b/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/expected.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f41ac361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/expected.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+new_metric_from_starlark,foo=bar baz=42i,timestamp="2023-07-13T12:53:54.197709713Z" 1689252834197709713
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i,timestamp="2023-07-13T13:10:34Z" 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/input.influx b/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/input.influx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf853c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/input.influx
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/telegraf.conf b/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/telegraf.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5be9ba12f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-mixed/telegraf.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# Test for using the appearance order in the file for processor order
+[[inputs.file]]
+  files = ["testcases/processor-order-appearance/input.influx"]
+  data_format = "influx"
+
+[[processors.starlark]]
+  source = '''
+def apply(metric):
+  metrics = []
+
+  m = Metric("new_metric_from_starlark")
+  m.tags["foo"] = "bar"
+  m.fields["baz"] = 42
+  m.time = 1689252834197709713
+  metrics.append(m)
+  metrics.append(metric)
+
+  return metrics
+'''
+
+[[processors.date]]
+  field_key = "timestamp"
+  date_format = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z"
+  timezone = "UTC"
+  order = 1
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/expected.out b/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/expected.out
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c06a4cead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/expected.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+new_metric_from_starlark,foo=bar baz=42i 1689252834197709713
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i,timestamp="2023-07-13T13:10:34Z" 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/input.influx b/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/input.influx
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2bcf853c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/input.influx
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+old_metric_from_mock,mood=good value=23i 1689253834000000000
diff --git a/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/telegraf.conf b/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/telegraf.conf
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0eb2e4362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/agent/testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/telegraf.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Test for using the appearance order in the file for processor order.
+# This will not add the "timestamp" field as the starlark processor runs _after_
+# the date processor.
+[[inputs.file]]
+  files = ["testcases/processor-order-no-starlark/input.influx"]
+  data_format = "influx"
+
+[[processors.date]]
+  field_key = "timestamp"
+  date_format = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z"
+  timezone = "UTC"
+
+[[processors.starlark]]
+  source = '''
+def apply(metric):
+  metrics = []
+
+  m = Metric("new_metric_from_starlark")
+  m.tags["foo"] = "bar"
+  m.fields["baz"] = 42
+  m.time = 1689252834197709713
+  metrics.append(m)
+  metrics.append(metric)
+
+  return metrics
+'''